Add pre-credit funding visibility and durable alerts

Proof: Implement the active turn for pre-credit funding visibility and durable operator alerts while keeping spendable inventory truth limited to bridge/verifier credit. Assumptions: The BTC deposit handle can be observed through a mempool.space-compatible API, bridge recent_deposits remains the credit truth for correlation, and pausing market-reference-ingest or inventory-sync briefly for alert validation is safe without disarming strategy or executor. Still fake: Gnosis pre-credit observation is not implemented, executor failure alert validation may still depend on an existing real failure unless a separate live failure is explicitly approved, and a new live deposit is still required to prove a fresh pre-credit-to-credit path if no suitable recent funding exists.
2026-04-03 17:50:39 +02:00 · 2026-04-03 17:50:39 +02:00 · 860471f267
commit 860471f267
parent 54dc05a94c
22 changed files with 1745 additions and 31 deletions
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ STRATEGY_ENGINE_CONTROL_HOST=0.0.0.0
 STRATEGY_ENGINE_CONTROL_PORT=8086
 TRADE_EXECUTOR_CONTROL_HOST=0.0.0.0
 TRADE_EXECUTOR_CONTROL_PORT=8087
+OPS_SENTINEL_CONTROL_HOST=0.0.0.0
+OPS_SENTINEL_CONTROL_PORT=8088

 # Kafka backbone
 KAFKA_BROKERS=redpanda:9092
@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ KAFKA_TOPIC_NORM_SWAP_DEMAND=norm.swap_demand
 KAFKA_TOPIC_REF_MARKET_PRICE=ref.market_price
 KAFKA_TOPIC_STATE_INTENT_INVENTORY=state.intent_inventory
 KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_LIQUIDITY_ACTION=ops.liquidity_action
+KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_FUNDING_OBSERVATION=ops.funding_observation
+KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_ALERT=ops.alert
 KAFKA_TOPIC_DECISION_TRADE_DECISION=decision.trade_decision
 KAFKA_TOPIC_CMD_EXECUTE_TRADE=cmd.execute_trade
 KAFKA_TOPIC_EXEC_TRADE_RESULT=exec.trade_result
@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_HISTORY=history-writer-v1
 KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_INVENTORY=inventory-sync-v1
 KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_STRATEGY=strategy-engine-v1
 KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_EXECUTOR=trade-executor-v1
+KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_OPS_SENTINEL=ops-sentinel-v1

 # PostgreSQL durable history store
 POSTGRES_URL=postgresql://unrip:unrip@postgres:5432/unrip
@ -79,3 +84,13 @@ STRATEGY_INVENTORY_MAX_AGE_MS=30000
 EXECUTOR_INITIAL_ARMED=false
 EXECUTOR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS=10000
 LIQUIDITY_WITHDRAWALS_FROZEN=true
+
+# Pre-credit funding visibility and alerting
+BTC_FUNDING_OBSERVER_ENABLED=true
+BTC_FUNDING_OBSERVER_BASE_URL=https://mempool.space/api
+FUNDING_OBSERVATION_STUCK_MS=3600000
+OPS_SENTINEL_EVALUATION_MS=5000
+OPS_SENTINEL_PRICE_STALE_MS=30000
+OPS_SENTINEL_INVENTORY_STALE_MS=30000
+OPS_SENTINEL_FUNDING_CREDIT_PENDING_MS=300000
+OPS_SENTINEL_FUNDING_STUCK_MS=3600000
--- a/compose.yml
+++ b/compose.yml
@ -99,6 +99,15 @@ services:
        condition: service_healthy
    restart: unless-stopped

+  ops-sentinel:
+    build: .
+    command: ["node", "src/apps/ops-sentinel.mjs"]
+    env_file: [.env]
+    depends_on:
+      redpanda:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
  strategy-engine:
    build: .
    command: ["node", "src/apps/strategy-engine.mjs"]
--- a/deploy/k8s/base/bootstrap-job.yaml
+++ b/deploy/k8s/base/bootstrap-job.yaml
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ spec:
            - |
              set -eu
              BROKERS="redpanda.unrip.svc.cluster.local:9092"
-              TOPICS="raw.near_intents.quote norm.swap_demand ref.market_price state.intent_inventory ops.liquidity_action decision.trade_decision cmd.execute_trade exec.trade_result"
+              TOPICS="raw.near_intents.quote norm.swap_demand ref.market_price state.intent_inventory ops.liquidity_action ops.funding_observation ops.alert decision.trade_decision cmd.execute_trade exec.trade_result"
              RETENTION_MS="172800000"
              RETENTION_BYTES="268435456"

--- a/deploy/k8s/base/unrip.yaml
+++ b/deploy/k8s/base/unrip.yaml
@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ data:
  STRATEGY_ENGINE_CONTROL_PORT: "8086"
  TRADE_EXECUTOR_CONTROL_HOST: 0.0.0.0
  TRADE_EXECUTOR_CONTROL_PORT: "8087"
+  OPS_SENTINEL_CONTROL_HOST: 0.0.0.0
+  OPS_SENTINEL_CONTROL_PORT: "8088"
  KAFKA_BROKERS: redpanda.unrip.svc.cluster.local:9092
  KAFKA_CLIENT_ID: unrip
  KAFKA_TOPIC_RAW_NEAR_INTENTS_QUOTE: raw.near_intents.quote
@ -45,6 +47,8 @@ data:
  KAFKA_TOPIC_REF_MARKET_PRICE: ref.market_price
  KAFKA_TOPIC_STATE_INTENT_INVENTORY: state.intent_inventory
  KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_LIQUIDITY_ACTION: ops.liquidity_action
+  KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_FUNDING_OBSERVATION: ops.funding_observation
+  KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_ALERT: ops.alert
  KAFKA_TOPIC_DECISION_TRADE_DECISION: decision.trade_decision
  KAFKA_TOPIC_CMD_EXECUTE_TRADE: cmd.execute_trade
  KAFKA_TOPIC_EXEC_TRADE_RESULT: exec.trade_result
@ -52,6 +56,7 @@ data:
  KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_INVENTORY: inventory-sync-v1
  KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_STRATEGY: strategy-engine-v1
  KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_EXECUTOR: trade-executor-v1
+  KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_OPS_SENTINEL: ops-sentinel-v1
  EXECUTOR_STATE_DIR: /var/lib/unrip/executor-state
  LIQUIDITY_STATE_DIR: /var/lib/unrip/liquidity-state
  MARKET_REFERENCE_REFRESH_MS: "5000"
@ -69,6 +74,14 @@ data:
  EXECUTOR_INITIAL_ARMED: "false"
  EXECUTOR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS: "10000"
  LIQUIDITY_WITHDRAWALS_FROZEN: "true"
+  BTC_FUNDING_OBSERVER_ENABLED: "true"
+  BTC_FUNDING_OBSERVER_BASE_URL: https://mempool.space/api
+  FUNDING_OBSERVATION_STUCK_MS: "3600000"
+  OPS_SENTINEL_EVALUATION_MS: "5000"
+  OPS_SENTINEL_PRICE_STALE_MS: "30000"
+  OPS_SENTINEL_INVENTORY_STALE_MS: "30000"
+  OPS_SENTINEL_FUNDING_CREDIT_PENDING_MS: "300000"
+  OPS_SENTINEL_FUNDING_STUCK_MS: "3600000"
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
@ -261,6 +274,38 @@ spec:
 ---
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: ops-sentinel
+  namespace: unrip
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: ops-sentinel
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: ops-sentinel
+        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: unrip
+    spec:
+      imagePullSecrets:
+        - name: unrip-registry-creds
+      containers:
+        - name: app
+          image: ghcr.io/example/unrip:bootstrap
+          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+          command: ["node", "src/apps/ops-sentinel.mjs"]
+          ports:
+            - name: control-api
+              containerPort: 8088
+          envFrom:
+            - configMapRef:
+                name: unrip-config
+            - secretRef:
+                name: unrip-secrets
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
 metadata:
  name: strategy-engine
  namespace: unrip
--- a/deploy/redpanda/rpk-topics.txt
+++ b/deploy/redpanda/rpk-topics.txt
@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ norm.swap_demand
 ref.market_price
 state.intent_inventory
 ops.liquidity_action
+ops.funding_observation
+ops.alert
 decision.trade_decision
 cmd.execute_trade
 exec.trade_result
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
    "inventory:sync": "node src/apps/inventory-sync.mjs",
    "liquidity:manager": "node src/apps/liquidity-manager.mjs",
    "history:writer": "node src/apps/history-writer.mjs",
+    "ops:sentinel": "node src/apps/ops-sentinel.mjs",
    "strategy:engine": "node src/apps/strategy-engine.mjs",
    "trade:executor": "node src/apps/trade-executor.mjs",
    "start": "node index.mjs",
--- a/scripts/deploy/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/scripts/deploy/bootstrap.sh
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ FORGEJO_REMOTE_NAME="${FORGEJO_REMOTE_NAME:-forgejo}"

 PROJECT_NAME="${PROJECT_NAME:-unrip}"
 PROJECT_NAMESPACE="${PROJECT_NAMESPACE:-$PROJECT_NAME}"
-PROJECT_DEPLOYMENTS="${PROJECT_DEPLOYMENTS:-near-intents-ingest,market-reference-ingest,liquidity-manager,inventory-sync,history-writer,strategy-engine,trade-executor}"
+PROJECT_DEPLOYMENTS="${PROJECT_DEPLOYMENTS:-near-intents-ingest,market-reference-ingest,liquidity-manager,inventory-sync,history-writer,ops-sentinel,strategy-engine,trade-executor}"
 PROJECT_REGISTRY_SECRET_NAME="${PROJECT_REGISTRY_SECRET_NAME:-${PROJECT_NAME}-registry-creds}"
 APP_SECRET_NAME="${APP_SECRET_NAME:-${PROJECT_NAME}-secrets}"
 SYNC_FORGEJO_REMOTE="${SYNC_FORGEJO_REMOTE:-1}"
--- a/src/apps/history-writer.mjs
+++ b/src/apps/history-writer.mjs
@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ const topics = [
  config.kafkaTopicRefMarketPrice,
  config.kafkaTopicStateIntentInventory,
  config.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction,
+  config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation,
+  config.kafkaTopicOpsAlert,
  config.kafkaTopicDecisionTradeDecision,
  config.kafkaTopicCmdExecuteTrade,
  config.kafkaTopicExecTradeResult,
@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ const state = {
  paused: false,
  draining: false,
  last_write_at: null,
+  last_funding_observation_write_at: null,
+  last_alert_write_at: null,
  last_metrics_at: null,
  last_error: null,
  error_count: 0,
@ -92,6 +96,12 @@ await consumer.run({
        partition,
        offset: message.offset,
      };
+      if (topic === config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation) {
+        state.last_funding_observation_write_at = state.last_write_at;
+      }
+      if (topic === config.kafkaTopicOpsAlert) {
+        state.last_alert_write_at = state.last_write_at;
+      }
      if (portfolioMetricTopics.has(topic)) {
        try {
          await refreshPortfolioMetrics();
--- a/src/apps/inventory-sync.mjs
+++ b/src/apps/inventory-sync.mjs
@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ import { createConsumer } from '../bus/kafka/consumer.mjs';
 import { createProducer } from '../bus/kafka/producer.mjs';
 import { startControlApi } from '../core/control-api.mjs';
 import { buildEventEnvelope, parseEventMessage } from '../core/event-envelope.mjs';
+import { buildFundingVisibility } from '../core/funding-observations.mjs';
 import { buildInventorySnapshot } from '../core/inventory.mjs';
 import { createLogger, serializeError } from '../core/log.mjs';
-import { assertInventorySnapshotEvent, assertLiquidityActionEvent } from '../core/schemas.mjs';
+import {
+  assertFundingObservationEvent,
+  assertInventorySnapshotEvent,
+  assertLiquidityActionEvent,
+} from '../core/schemas.mjs';
 import { loadConfig } from '../lib/config.mjs';
 import { createNearBridgeClient } from '../venues/near-intents/bridge-client.mjs';
 import { createVerifierClient } from '../venues/near-intents/verifier-client.mjs';
@ -48,6 +53,13 @@ const consumer = await createConsumer({
 const state = {
  paused: false,
  tracked_withdrawals: {},
+  funding_observations: {},
+  funding_visibility: {
+    last_observed_at: null,
+    pre_credit_inbound: {},
+    by_asset: {},
+    by_handle: {},
+  },
  last_snapshot: null,
  last_sync_at: null,
  last_error: null,
@ -55,11 +67,13 @@ const state = {
 };

 await consumer.subscribe({ topic: config.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction, fromBeginning: true });
+await consumer.subscribe({ topic: config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation, fromBeginning: true });
 await consumer.run({
-  eachMessage: async ({ message }) => {
+  eachMessage: async ({ topic, message }) => {
    if (!message.value) return;
    try {
      const event = parseEventMessage(message.value.toString());
+      if (topic === config.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction) {
        assertLiquidityActionEvent(event);
        if (event.payload.action_type === 'withdrawal_tracked'
          || event.payload.action_type === 'withdrawal_status_changed') {
@ -75,9 +89,20 @@ await consumer.run({
            };
          }
        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (topic === config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation) {
+        assertFundingObservationEvent(event);
+        state.funding_observations[event.payload.funding_observation_id] = event.payload;
+        state.funding_visibility = buildFundingVisibility(
+          Object.values(state.funding_observations),
+          { now: new Date().toISOString() },
+        );
+      }
    } catch (error) {
-      logger.error('liquidity_action_consume_failed', {
-        topic: config.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction,
+      logger.error('inventory_side_input_consume_failed', {
+        topic,
        details: {
          error: serializeError(error),
        },
@ -162,6 +187,10 @@ const controlApi = startControlApi({
      return {
        account_id: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
        ...state,
+        funding_visibility: buildFundingVisibility(
+          Object.values(state.funding_observations),
+          { now: new Date().toISOString() },
+        ),
      };
    },
  },
--- a/src/apps/liquidity-manager.mjs
+++ b/src/apps/liquidity-manager.mjs
@ -3,12 +3,20 @@ import process from 'node:process';
 import { createProducer } from '../bus/kafka/producer.mjs';
 import { startControlApi } from '../core/control-api.mjs';
 import { buildEventEnvelope } from '../core/event-envelope.mjs';
+import {
+  buildFundingObservationKey,
+  correlateFundingObservation,
+  hasFundingObservationChanged,
+  matchBridgeDeposit,
+  summarizeFundingObservations,
+} from '../core/funding-observations.mjs';
 import { createJsonStateStore } from '../core/json-state-store.mjs';
 import { normalizeLiquidityState } from '../core/liquidity-state.mjs';
 import { buildBridgeWithdrawalPlan } from '../core/liquidity-withdrawals.mjs';
 import { createLogger, serializeError } from '../core/log.mjs';
-import { assertLiquidityActionEvent } from '../core/schemas.mjs';
+import { assertFundingObservationEvent, assertLiquidityActionEvent } from '../core/schemas.mjs';
 import { loadConfig } from '../lib/config.mjs';
+import { createBtcAddressObserver } from '../observers/btc-address-observer.mjs';
 import { createNearBridgeClient } from '../venues/near-intents/bridge-client.mjs';
 import { createVerifierClient } from '../venues/near-intents/verifier-client.mjs';

@ -41,21 +49,37 @@ const verifierClient = createVerifierClient({
  accountId: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
  signerPrivateKey: config.nearIntentsSignerPrivateKey,
 });
+const btcAddressObserver = config.btcFundingObserverEnabled
+  ? createBtcAddressObserver({
+    baseUrl: config.btcFundingObserverBaseUrl,
+  })
+  : null;
 const store = createJsonStateStore({
  stateDir: config.liquidityStateDir,
  fileName: 'liquidity.json',
  initialState: {
    paused: false,
+    funding_observer_paused: false,
    withdrawals_frozen: config.withdrawalsFrozen,
    deposit_addresses: {},
    deposits: {},
    tracked_withdrawals: {},
    supported_tokens: {},
+    funding_observations: {},
+    funding_observations_by_handle: {},
+    funding_visibility_by_asset: {},
+    uncredited_funding_total_by_asset: {},
+    credit_correlation: {},
+    observer_health: {},
    last_refresh_at: null,
+    last_funding_observation_at: null,
+    funding_observer_last_refresh_at: null,
+    funding_observer_last_error: null,
    last_error: null,
    last_withdrawal_request: null,
    last_withdrawal_result: null,
    publish_count: 0,
+    funding_publish_count: 0,
  },
 });

@ -65,6 +89,10 @@ const assetsByChain = new Map([
  [config.tradingEure.chain, config.tradingEure.assetId],
 ]);

+const fundingObserverByChain = new Map(
+  btcAddressObserver ? [[config.tradingBtc.chain, btcAddressObserver]] : [],
+);
+
 async function refresh() {
  const state = normalizeLiquidityState(store.getState(), {
    withdrawalsFrozen: config.withdrawalsFrozen,
@ -85,6 +113,7 @@ async function refresh() {

    state.last_refresh_at = new Date().toISOString();
    state.last_error = null;
+    applyFundingObservationSummary(state, state.last_refresh_at);
    store.setState(state);
  } catch (error) {
    state.last_error = serializeError(error);
@ -103,11 +132,12 @@ async function refreshChain(chain, state) {
    accountId: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
    chain,
  });
+  const refreshedAt = new Date().toISOString();
  const previousAddress = state.deposit_addresses[chain]?.address || null;
  state.deposit_addresses[chain] = {
    ...(state.deposit_addresses[chain] || {}),
    ...depositAddress,
-    refreshed_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+    refreshed_at: refreshedAt,
  };

  if (previousAddress !== depositAddress.address) {
@ -124,7 +154,8 @@ async function refreshChain(chain, state) {
    accountId: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
    chain,
  });
-  for (const deposit of deposits?.deposits || []) {
+  const bridgeDeposits = deposits?.deposits || [];
+  for (const deposit of bridgeDeposits) {
    const key = `${chain}:${deposit.tx_hash || deposit.address}:${deposit.defuse_asset_identifier}`;
    const assetId = mapDepositAssetId(deposit.defuse_asset_identifier, chain);
    const normalized = {
@ -149,6 +180,172 @@ async function refreshChain(chain, state) {
      }, state);
    }
  }
+
+  await refreshFundingObservations({
+    chain,
+    state,
+    fundingHandle: depositAddress.address,
+    bridgeDeposits,
+  });
+}
+
+async function refreshFundingObservations({ chain, state, fundingHandle, bridgeDeposits }) {
+  const refreshedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+  const observer = fundingObserverByChain.get(chain);
+  if (!fundingHandle) {
+    state.observer_health[chain] = {
+      chain,
+      healthy: false,
+      configured: false,
+      supported: Boolean(observer),
+      paused: state.funding_observer_paused,
+      source: observer ? 'configured' : 'unsupported',
+      refreshed_at: refreshedAt,
+    };
+    applyFundingObservationSummary(state, refreshedAt);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!observer) {
+    state.observer_health[chain] = {
+      chain,
+      healthy: false,
+      configured: true,
+      supported: false,
+      paused: false,
+      handle: fundingHandle,
+      source: 'unsupported',
+      refreshed_at: refreshedAt,
+    };
+    applyFundingObservationSummary(state, refreshedAt);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (state.funding_observer_paused) {
+    state.observer_health[chain] = {
+      ...(state.observer_health[chain] || {}),
+      chain,
+      healthy: true,
+      configured: true,
+      supported: true,
+      paused: true,
+      handle: fundingHandle,
+      refreshed_at: refreshedAt,
+      source: state.observer_health[chain]?.source || 'btc_mempool_space',
+    };
+    applyFundingObservationSummary(state, refreshedAt);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const observed = await observer.listTransactions({ address: fundingHandle });
+    for (const tx of observed.transactions) {
+      const key = buildFundingObservationKey({
+        chain,
+        fundingHandle,
+        txHash: tx.tx_hash,
+      });
+      const previous = state.funding_observations[key] || null;
+      const next = correlateFundingObservation({
+        existing: previous,
+        accountId: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
+        assetId: assetsByChain.get(chain),
+        chain,
+        fundingHandle,
+        source: tx.source || observed.source,
+        txHash: tx.tx_hash,
+        amount: tx.amount,
+        confirmations: tx.confirmations,
+        observedAt: tx.observed_at || observed.observed_at,
+        bridgeDeposit: matchBridgeDeposit({
+          txHash: tx.tx_hash,
+          fundingHandle,
+          bridgeDeposits,
+        }),
+        stuckAfterMs: config.fundingObservationStuckMs,
+      });
+      state.funding_observations[key] = next;
+      if (hasFundingObservationChanged(previous, next)) {
+        await publishFundingObservation(next, state);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const [key, previous] of Object.entries(state.funding_observations)) {
+      if (previous.chain !== chain || previous.funding_handle !== fundingHandle) continue;
+
+      const next = correlateFundingObservation({
+        existing: previous,
+        accountId: previous.account_id,
+        assetId: previous.asset_id,
+        chain: previous.chain,
+        fundingHandle: previous.funding_handle,
+        source: previous.source,
+        txHash: previous.tx_hash,
+        amount: previous.amount,
+        confirmations: previous.confirmations,
+        observedAt: refreshedAt,
+        bridgeDeposit: matchBridgeDeposit({
+          txHash: previous.tx_hash,
+          fundingHandle,
+          bridgeDeposits,
+        }),
+        stuckAfterMs: config.fundingObservationStuckMs,
+      });
+      state.funding_observations[key] = next;
+      if (hasFundingObservationChanged(previous, next)) {
+        await publishFundingObservation(next, state);
+      }
+    }
+
+    state.funding_observer_last_refresh_at = observed.observed_at || refreshedAt;
+    state.funding_observer_last_error = null;
+    state.observer_health[chain] = {
+      chain,
+      healthy: true,
+      configured: true,
+      supported: true,
+      paused: false,
+      handle: fundingHandle,
+      source: observed.source,
+      observed_count: observed.transactions.length,
+      refreshed_at: observed.observed_at || refreshedAt,
+    };
+    applyFundingObservationSummary(state, refreshedAt);
+  } catch (error) {
+    state.funding_observer_last_error = serializeError(error);
+    state.observer_health[chain] = {
+      chain,
+      healthy: false,
+      configured: true,
+      supported: true,
+      paused: false,
+      handle: fundingHandle,
+      source: 'btc_mempool_space',
+      refreshed_at: refreshedAt,
+      error: serializeError(error),
+    };
+    applyFundingObservationSummary(state, refreshedAt);
+    logger.error('funding_observation_refresh_failed', {
+      topic: config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation,
+      details: {
+        chain,
+        funding_handle: fundingHandle,
+        error: serializeError(error),
+      },
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function applyFundingObservationSummary(state, now = new Date().toISOString()) {
+  const summary = summarizeFundingObservations(
+    Object.values(state.funding_observations),
+    { now },
+  );
+  state.funding_observations_by_handle = summary.funding_observations_by_handle;
+  state.funding_visibility_by_asset = summary.funding_visibility_by_asset;
+  state.latest_funding_observation_at = summary.latest_funding_observation_at;
+  state.uncredited_funding_total_by_asset = summary.uncredited_funding_total_by_asset;
+  state.credit_correlation = summary.credit_correlation;
 }

 async function refreshWithdrawal(tracked, state) {
@ -290,6 +487,21 @@ async function publishAction(payload, state) {
  state.publish_count += 1;
 }

+async function publishFundingObservation(payload, state) {
+  const event = buildEventEnvelope({
+    source: 'liquidity-manager',
+    venue: 'near-intents',
+    eventType: 'funding_observation',
+    observedAt: payload.last_seen_at,
+    payload,
+  });
+  assertFundingObservationEvent(event);
+  await producer.sendJson(config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation, event, {
+    key: payload.funding_observation_id,
+  });
+  state.funding_publish_count += 1;
+}
+
 const timer = setInterval(refresh, config.liquidityRefreshMs);
 timer.unref?.();
 await refresh();
@ -302,14 +514,7 @@ const controlApi = startControlApi({
  namespace: config.projectNamespace,
  stateProvider: {
    getState() {
-      return {
-        account_id: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
-        withdrawal_defaults: {
-          [config.tradingBtc.assetId]: config.tradingBtc.withdrawAddress || null,
-          [config.tradingEure.assetId]: config.tradingEure.withdrawAddress || null,
-        },
-        ...store.getState(),
-      };
+      return buildPublicState();
    },
  },
  routes: [
@ -320,7 +525,48 @@ const controlApi = startControlApi({
        await refresh();
        return {
          ok: true,
-          ...store.getState(),
+          ...buildPublicState(),
+        };
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      method: 'POST',
+      path: '/refresh-funding-observations',
+      handler: async () => {
+        await refresh();
+        return {
+          ok: true,
+          ...buildPublicState(),
+        };
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      method: 'POST',
+      path: '/pause-funding-observer',
+      handler: () => {
+        const state = store.getState();
+        normalizeLiquidityState(state, {
+          withdrawalsFrozen: config.withdrawalsFrozen,
+        });
+        state.funding_observer_paused = true;
+        store.setState(state);
+        return { ok: true, funding_observer_paused: true };
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      method: 'POST',
+      path: '/resume-funding-observer',
+      handler: async () => {
+        const state = store.getState();
+        normalizeLiquidityState(state, {
+          withdrawalsFrozen: config.withdrawalsFrozen,
+        });
+        state.funding_observer_paused = false;
+        store.setState(state);
+        await refresh();
+        return {
+          ok: true,
+          ...buildPublicState(),
        };
      },
    },
@ -540,3 +786,45 @@ function inferWithdrawStatusCode(error) {
  }
  return 409;
 }
+
+function buildPublicState() {
+  const now = new Date().toISOString();
+  const state = normalizeLiquidityState(structuredClone(store.getState()), {
+    withdrawalsFrozen: config.withdrawalsFrozen,
+  });
+  applyFundingObservationSummary(state, now);
+
+  return {
+    account_id: config.nearIntentsAccountId,
+    withdrawal_defaults: {
+      [config.tradingBtc.assetId]: config.tradingBtc.withdrawAddress || null,
+      [config.tradingEure.assetId]: config.tradingEure.withdrawAddress || null,
+    },
+    ...state,
+    observer_health: buildObserverHealth(state.observer_health, {
+      now,
+      fundingObserverPaused: state.funding_observer_paused,
+    }),
+    observer_age_ms: ageMs(state.funding_observer_last_refresh_at, now),
+  };
+}
+
+function buildObserverHealth(observerHealth, { now, fundingObserverPaused }) {
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(observerHealth || {}).map(([chain, health]) => [
+      chain,
+      {
+        ...health,
+        paused: fundingObserverPaused || health?.paused || false,
+        age_ms: ageMs(health?.refreshed_at, now),
+      },
+    ]),
+  );
+}
+
+function ageMs(from, to) {
+  const left = Date.parse(from || '');
+  const right = Date.parse(to || '');
+  if (!Number.isFinite(left) || !Number.isFinite(right)) return null;
+  return Math.max(0, right - left);
+}
--- a/src/apps/ops-sentinel.mjs
+++ b/src/apps/ops-sentinel.mjs
@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+import process from 'node:process';
+
+import { createConsumer } from '../bus/kafka/consumer.mjs';
+import { createProducer } from '../bus/kafka/producer.mjs';
+import { startControlApi } from '../core/control-api.mjs';
+import { createAlertEngine } from '../core/alert-engine.mjs';
+import { buildEventEnvelope, parseEventMessage } from '../core/event-envelope.mjs';
+import { createLogger, serializeError } from '../core/log.mjs';
+import {
+  assertFundingObservationEvent,
+  assertInventorySnapshotEvent,
+  assertLiquidityActionEvent,
+  assertMarketPriceEvent,
+  assertOpsAlertEvent,
+  assertTradeResult,
+} from '../core/schemas.mjs';
+import { loadConfig } from '../lib/config.mjs';
+
+const config = loadConfig();
+const logger = createLogger({
+  service: 'ops-sentinel',
+  component: 'alerts',
+  namespace: config.projectNamespace,
+});
+
+const producer = await createProducer({
+  brokers: config.kafkaBrokers,
+  clientId: config.kafkaClientId,
+  logger,
+});
+const consumer = await createConsumer({
+  groupId: config.kafkaConsumerGroupOpsSentinel,
+  brokers: config.kafkaBrokers,
+  clientId: config.kafkaClientId,
+  logger,
+});
+
+const topics = [
+  config.kafkaTopicRefMarketPrice,
+  config.kafkaTopicStateIntentInventory,
+  config.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction,
+  config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation,
+  config.kafkaTopicExecTradeResult,
+];
+
+const state = {
+  paused: false,
+  last_error: null,
+  last_event_at: null,
+  publish_count: 0,
+};
+
+const alertEngine = createAlertEngine({
+  activePair: config.activePair,
+  priceStaleMs: config.opsSentinelPriceStaleMs,
+  inventoryStaleMs: config.opsSentinelInventoryStaleMs,
+  fundingCreditPendingMs: config.opsSentinelFundingCreditPendingMs,
+  fundingStuckMs: config.opsSentinelFundingStuckMs,
+  evaluationIntervalMs: config.opsSentinelEvaluationMs,
+});
+
+for (const topic of topics) {
+  await consumer.subscribe({ topic, fromBeginning: true });
+}
+
+await consumer.run({
+  eachMessage: async ({ topic, message }) => {
+    if (!message.value || state.paused) return;
+
+    try {
+      const event = parseEventMessage(message.value.toString());
+      const payload = normalizePayloadForAlert(topic, event);
+      const transitions = alertEngine.applyEvent(topic, payload);
+      state.last_error = null;
+      state.last_event_at = new Date().toISOString();
+      await publishTransitions(transitions);
+    } catch (error) {
+      state.last_error = serializeError(error);
+      logger.error('ops_sentinel_consume_failed', {
+        topic,
+        details: {
+          error: serializeError(error),
+        },
+      });
+    }
+  },
+});
+
+const timer = setInterval(() => {
+  if (state.paused) return;
+
+  const transitions = alertEngine.evaluate();
+  publishTransitions(transitions).catch((error) => {
+    state.last_error = serializeError(error);
+    logger.error('ops_sentinel_evaluate_failed', {
+      topic: config.kafkaTopicOpsAlert,
+      details: {
+        error: serializeError(error),
+      },
+    });
+  });
+}, config.opsSentinelEvaluationMs);
+timer.unref?.();
+
+const controlApi = startControlApi({
+  host: config.opsSentinelControlHost,
+  port: config.opsSentinelControlPort,
+  logger: logger.child({ component: 'control-api' }),
+  service: 'ops-sentinel',
+  namespace: config.projectNamespace,
+  stateProvider: {
+    getState() {
+      return {
+        paused: state.paused,
+        publish_count: state.publish_count,
+        last_error: state.last_error,
+        last_event_at: state.last_event_at,
+        ...alertEngine.getState(),
+      };
+    },
+  },
+  healthProvider: {
+    getHealth() {
+      return {
+        paused: state.paused,
+        last_event_at: state.last_event_at,
+        last_error: state.last_error,
+      };
+    },
+  },
+  routes: [
+    {
+      method: 'POST',
+      path: '/pause',
+      handler: () => {
+        state.paused = true;
+        consumer.pause(topics.map((topic) => ({ topic })));
+        return { ok: true, paused: true };
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      method: 'POST',
+      path: '/resume',
+      handler: () => {
+        state.paused = false;
+        consumer.resume(topics.map((topic) => ({ topic })));
+        return { ok: true, paused: false };
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+async function publishTransitions(transitions) {
+  for (const transition of transitions) {
+    const event = buildEventEnvelope({
+      source: 'ops-sentinel',
+      venue: 'unrip',
+      eventType: 'ops_alert',
+      observedAt: transition.last_evaluated_at,
+      payload: {
+        alert_event_id: `${transition.alert_code}-${transition.status}-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2, 8)}`,
+        ...transition,
+      },
+    });
+    assertOpsAlertEvent(event);
+    await producer.sendJson(config.kafkaTopicOpsAlert, event, {
+      key: `${transition.alert_code}:${transition.service_scope}:${transition.tx_hash || transition.pair || 'global'}`,
+    });
+    state.publish_count += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizePayloadForAlert(topic, event) {
+  switch (topic) {
+    case config.kafkaTopicRefMarketPrice:
+      assertMarketPriceEvent(event);
+      return {
+        ...event.payload,
+        observed_at: event.observed_at,
+        ingested_at: event.ingested_at,
+      };
+    case config.kafkaTopicStateIntentInventory:
+      assertInventorySnapshotEvent(event);
+      return {
+        ...event.payload,
+        observed_at: event.observed_at,
+        ingested_at: event.ingested_at,
+      };
+    case config.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction:
+      assertLiquidityActionEvent(event);
+      return {
+        ...event.payload,
+        observed_at: event.observed_at,
+        ingested_at: event.ingested_at,
+      };
+    case config.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation:
+      assertFundingObservationEvent(event);
+      return event.payload;
+    case config.kafkaTopicExecTradeResult:
+      assertTradeResult(event);
+      return {
+        ...event.payload,
+        observed_at: event.observed_at,
+        ingested_at: event.ingested_at,
+      };
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`unsupported ops-sentinel topic: ${topic}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function shutdown() {
+  clearInterval(timer);
+  await controlApi.close().catch(() => {});
+  await consumer.disconnect();
+  await producer.disconnect();
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+process.on('SIGINT', shutdown);
+process.on('SIGTERM', shutdown);
--- a/src/core/alert-engine.mjs
+++ b/src/core/alert-engine.mjs
@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+const DEFAULT_RECENT_LIMIT = 50;
+
+export function createAlertEngine({
+  activePair,
+  priceStaleMs,
+  inventoryStaleMs,
+  fundingCreditPendingMs,
+  fundingStuckMs,
+  evaluationIntervalMs,
+  recentTransitionLimit = DEFAULT_RECENT_LIMIT,
+}) {
+  const state = {
+    latest_price: null,
+    latest_inventory: null,
+    latest_liquidity_action: null,
+    latest_trade_result: null,
+    funding_observations: {},
+    active_alerts: {},
+    recent_transitions: [],
+    last_evaluated_at: null,
+  };
+
+  return {
+    applyEvent(topic, payload, now = new Date().toISOString()) {
+      switch (topic) {
+        case 'ref.market_price':
+          state.latest_price = payload;
+          break;
+        case 'state.intent_inventory':
+          state.latest_inventory = payload;
+          break;
+        case 'ops.liquidity_action':
+          state.latest_liquidity_action = payload;
+          break;
+        case 'ops.funding_observation':
+          if (payload?.funding_observation_id) {
+            state.funding_observations[payload.funding_observation_id] = payload;
+          }
+          break;
+        case 'exec.trade_result':
+          state.latest_trade_result = payload;
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+
+      return evaluateAlerts({
+        state,
+        activePair,
+        priceStaleMs,
+        inventoryStaleMs,
+        fundingCreditPendingMs,
+        fundingStuckMs,
+        recentTransitionLimit,
+        now,
+      });
+    },
+    evaluate(now = new Date().toISOString()) {
+      return evaluateAlerts({
+        state,
+        activePair,
+        priceStaleMs,
+        inventoryStaleMs,
+        fundingCreditPendingMs,
+        fundingStuckMs,
+        recentTransitionLimit,
+        now,
+      });
+    },
+    getState(now = new Date().toISOString()) {
+      return summarizeState({
+        state,
+        evaluationIntervalMs,
+        now,
+      });
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function evaluateAlerts({
+  state,
+  activePair,
+  priceStaleMs,
+  inventoryStaleMs,
+  fundingCreditPendingMs,
+  fundingStuckMs,
+  recentTransitionLimit,
+  now,
+}) {
+  const desired = new Map();
+  const nowValue = timestampValue(now);
+
+  const priceAgeMs = ageMs(state.latest_price?.observed_at || state.latest_price?.ingested_at, nowValue);
+  if (priceAgeMs == null || priceAgeMs > priceStaleMs) {
+    desired.set(
+      buildAlertKey({
+        alertCode: 'reference_price_stale',
+        serviceScope: 'market-reference-ingest',
+        pair: activePair,
+      }),
+      {
+        alert_code: 'reference_price_stale',
+        severity: 'warning',
+        reason: priceAgeMs == null
+          ? 'no reference price has been observed'
+          : `reference price age ${priceAgeMs}ms exceeds ${priceStaleMs}ms`,
+        service_scope: 'market-reference-ingest',
+        pair: activePair,
+        asset_id: null,
+        tx_hash: null,
+        details: {
+          last_price_at: state.latest_price?.observed_at || state.latest_price?.ingested_at || null,
+          age_ms: priceAgeMs,
+          stale_after_ms: priceStaleMs,
+        },
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
+  const inventoryAgeMs = ageMs(
+    state.latest_inventory?.synced_at || state.latest_inventory?.ingested_at,
+    nowValue,
+  );
+  if (inventoryAgeMs == null || inventoryAgeMs > inventoryStaleMs) {
+    desired.set(
+      buildAlertKey({
+        alertCode: 'inventory_snapshot_stale',
+        serviceScope: 'inventory-sync',
+      }),
+      {
+        alert_code: 'inventory_snapshot_stale',
+        severity: 'warning',
+        reason: inventoryAgeMs == null
+          ? 'no inventory snapshot has been observed'
+          : `inventory snapshot age ${inventoryAgeMs}ms exceeds ${inventoryStaleMs}ms`,
+        service_scope: 'inventory-sync',
+        pair: null,
+        asset_id: null,
+        tx_hash: null,
+        details: {
+          last_inventory_at: state.latest_inventory?.synced_at || state.latest_inventory?.ingested_at || null,
+          age_ms: inventoryAgeMs,
+          stale_after_ms: inventoryStaleMs,
+        },
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
+  for (const observation of Object.values(state.funding_observations)) {
+    const observationAgeMs = ageMs(observation.last_seen_at, nowValue);
+    const baseDetails = {
+      funding_observation_id: observation.funding_observation_id,
+      funding_handle: observation.funding_handle,
+      confirmations: observation.confirmations,
+      amount: observation.amount,
+      observation_status: observation.status,
+      first_seen_at: observation.first_seen_at,
+      last_seen_at: observation.last_seen_at,
+      age_ms: observationAgeMs,
+      bridge_deposit_tx_hash: observation.bridge_deposit_tx_hash,
+      bridge_status: observation.bridge_status,
+    };
+
+    if (observation.status === 'SEEN_UNCONFIRMED') {
+      desired.set(
+        buildAlertKey({
+          alertCode: 'funding_seen_unconfirmed',
+          serviceScope: 'liquidity-manager',
+          assetId: observation.asset_id,
+          txHash: observation.tx_hash,
+        }),
+        {
+          alert_code: 'funding_seen_unconfirmed',
+          severity: 'info',
+          reason: `funding tx ${observation.tx_hash} is visible before confirmations`,
+          service_scope: 'liquidity-manager',
+          pair: null,
+          asset_id: observation.asset_id,
+          tx_hash: observation.tx_hash,
+          details: baseDetails,
+        },
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (
+      observation.status === 'CREDIT_PENDING'
+      || (observation.status === 'SEEN_CONFIRMED' && observationAgeMs != null && observationAgeMs >= fundingCreditPendingMs)
+    ) {
+      desired.set(
+        buildAlertKey({
+          alertCode: 'funding_confirmed_credit_pending',
+          serviceScope: 'liquidity-manager',
+          assetId: observation.asset_id,
+          txHash: observation.tx_hash,
+        }),
+        {
+          alert_code: 'funding_confirmed_credit_pending',
+          severity: 'warning',
+          reason: `funding tx ${observation.tx_hash} is confirmed but not spendable yet`,
+          service_scope: 'liquidity-manager',
+          pair: null,
+          asset_id: observation.asset_id,
+          tx_hash: observation.tx_hash,
+          details: {
+            ...baseDetails,
+            credit_pending_after_ms: fundingCreditPendingMs,
+          },
+        },
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (
+      observation.status === 'FAILED_OR_STUCK'
+      || (
+        observation.status !== 'CREDITED'
+        && observation.status !== 'SEEN_UNCONFIRMED'
+        && observationAgeMs != null
+        && fundingStuckMs != null
+        && observationAgeMs >= fundingStuckMs
+      )
+    ) {
+      desired.set(
+        buildAlertKey({
+          alertCode: 'funding_stuck',
+          serviceScope: 'liquidity-manager',
+          assetId: observation.asset_id,
+          txHash: observation.tx_hash,
+        }),
+        {
+          alert_code: 'funding_stuck',
+          severity: 'critical',
+          reason: `funding tx ${observation.tx_hash} is failed or stuck before credit`,
+          service_scope: 'liquidity-manager',
+          pair: null,
+          asset_id: observation.asset_id,
+          tx_hash: observation.tx_hash,
+          details: baseDetails,
+        },
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  const latestTradeResult = state.latest_trade_result;
+  if (latestTradeResult && isSubmissionFailure(latestTradeResult)) {
+    desired.set(
+      buildAlertKey({
+        alertCode: 'executor_submission_failed',
+        serviceScope: 'trade-executor',
+        pair: latestTradeResult.pair || activePair,
+      }),
+      {
+        alert_code: 'executor_submission_failed',
+        severity: 'critical',
+        reason: `executor submission failed for command ${latestTradeResult.command_id}`,
+        service_scope: 'trade-executor',
+        pair: latestTradeResult.pair || activePair,
+        asset_id: null,
+        tx_hash: null,
+        details: {
+          command_id: latestTradeResult.command_id,
+          quote_id: latestTradeResult.quote_id,
+          result_code: latestTradeResult.result_code,
+          error: latestTradeResult.error || null,
+          status: latestTradeResult.status,
+        },
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
+  const transitions = reconcileAlertState({
+    state,
+    desired,
+    now,
+    recentTransitionLimit,
+  });
+  state.last_evaluated_at = now;
+  return transitions;
+}
+
+function reconcileAlertState({ state, desired, now, recentTransitionLimit }) {
+  const transitions = [];
+
+  for (const [key, next] of desired.entries()) {
+    const existing = state.active_alerts[key];
+    if (!existing) {
+      const raised = {
+        ...next,
+        status: 'raised',
+        first_raised_at: now,
+        raised_at: now,
+        cleared_at: null,
+        last_evaluated_at: now,
+      };
+      state.active_alerts[key] = raised;
+      transitions.push(raised);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    state.active_alerts[key] = {
+      ...existing,
+      ...next,
+      status: 'raised',
+      raised_at: existing.raised_at || existing.first_raised_at || now,
+      first_raised_at: existing.first_raised_at || existing.raised_at || now,
+      cleared_at: null,
+      last_evaluated_at: now,
+    };
+  }
+
+  for (const [key, existing] of Object.entries(state.active_alerts)) {
+    if (desired.has(key)) continue;
+
+    const cleared = {
+      ...existing,
+      status: 'cleared',
+      raised_at: existing.raised_at || existing.first_raised_at || now,
+      cleared_at: now,
+      last_evaluated_at: now,
+    };
+    delete state.active_alerts[key];
+    transitions.push(cleared);
+  }
+
+  if (transitions.length > 0) {
+    state.recent_transitions.unshift(...transitions);
+    state.recent_transitions = state.recent_transitions.slice(0, recentTransitionLimit);
+  }
+
+  return transitions;
+}
+
+function summarizeState({ state, evaluationIntervalMs, now }) {
+  const activeAlerts = Object.values(state.active_alerts)
+    .sort((left, right) => timestampValue(right.first_raised_at) - timestampValue(left.first_raised_at));
+  const nowValue = timestampValue(now);
+
+  return {
+    active_alerts: activeAlerts,
+    recent_transitions: state.recent_transitions,
+    last_evaluated_at: state.last_evaluated_at,
+    stale: ageMs(state.last_evaluated_at, nowValue) > (evaluationIntervalMs * 2),
+    latest_inputs: {
+      market_price_at: state.latest_price?.observed_at || state.latest_price?.ingested_at || null,
+      inventory_at: state.latest_inventory?.synced_at || state.latest_inventory?.ingested_at || null,
+      liquidity_action_at: state.latest_liquidity_action?.observed_at || null,
+      trade_result_at: state.latest_trade_result?.ingested_at || null,
+      funding_observation_count: Object.keys(state.funding_observations).length,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function buildAlertKey({ alertCode, serviceScope, pair = null, assetId = null, txHash = null }) {
+  return [alertCode, serviceScope, pair || '', assetId || '', txHash || ''].join('|');
+}
+
+function isSubmissionFailure(result) {
+  return result?.status === 'failed' || result?.result_code === 'submission_failed';
+}
+
+function ageMs(value, nowValue) {
+  const start = timestampValue(value);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(start) || !Number.isFinite(nowValue)) return null;
+  return Math.max(0, nowValue - start);
+}
+
+function timestampValue(value) {
+  if (!value) return NaN;
+  const parsed = Date.parse(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : NaN;
+}
--- a/src/core/funding-observations.mjs
+++ b/src/core/funding-observations.mjs
@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import crypto from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { bigintAmount, mapToSortedObject } from './assets.mjs';
+
+const CREDITED_BRIDGE_STATUSES = new Set(['COMPLETED', 'CREDITED', 'FINALIZED', 'SETTLED']);
+const FAILED_BRIDGE_STATUSES = new Set(['FAILED', 'ERROR', 'REJECTED', 'EXPIRED']);
+const UNCONFIRMED_STATUS = 'SEEN_UNCONFIRMED';
+const CONFIRMED_STATUS = 'SEEN_CONFIRMED';
+const CREDIT_PENDING_STATUS = 'CREDIT_PENDING';
+const CREDITED_STATUS = 'CREDITED';
+const FAILED_OR_STUCK_STATUS = 'FAILED_OR_STUCK';
+
+export function buildFundingObservationId({ accountId, chain, fundingHandle, txHash }) {
+  return crypto
+    .createHash('sha256')
+    .update(`${accountId || ''}|${chain || ''}|${fundingHandle || ''}|${txHash || ''}`)
+    .digest('hex');
+}
+
+export function buildFundingObservationKey({ chain, fundingHandle, txHash }) {
+  return `${chain || 'unknown'}:${fundingHandle || 'unknown'}:${txHash || 'unknown'}`;
+}
+
+export function correlateFundingObservation({
+  existing = null,
+  accountId,
+  assetId,
+  chain,
+  fundingHandle,
+  source,
+  txHash,
+  amount,
+  confirmations = 0,
+  observedAt = new Date().toISOString(),
+  bridgeDeposit = null,
+  stuckAfterMs = 0,
+}) {
+  const firstSeenAt = existing?.first_seen_at || observedAt;
+  const lastSeenAt = observedAt;
+  const normalizedConfirmations = normalizeConfirmations(confirmations);
+  const bridgeStatus = normalizeBridgeStatus(bridgeDeposit?.status);
+  const bridgeTxHash = bridgeDeposit?.tx_hash || null;
+  const ageMs = isoAgeMs(firstSeenAt, observedAt);
+  const fundingObservationId = existing?.funding_observation_id || buildFundingObservationId({
+    accountId,
+    chain,
+    fundingHandle,
+    txHash,
+  });
+
+  let status = normalizedConfirmations > 0 ? CONFIRMED_STATUS : UNCONFIRMED_STATUS;
+  if (bridgeStatus) {
+    if (CREDITED_BRIDGE_STATUSES.has(bridgeStatus)) status = CREDITED_STATUS;
+    else if (FAILED_BRIDGE_STATUSES.has(bridgeStatus)) status = FAILED_OR_STUCK_STATUS;
+    else status = CREDIT_PENDING_STATUS;
+  } else if (stuckAfterMs > 0 && ageMs >= stuckAfterMs && normalizedConfirmations > 0) {
+    status = FAILED_OR_STUCK_STATUS;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    funding_observation_id: fundingObservationId,
+    account_id: accountId,
+    asset_id: assetId,
+    chain,
+    funding_handle: fundingHandle,
+    source,
+    tx_hash: txHash,
+    status,
+    amount: String(amount || '0'),
+    confirmations: normalizedConfirmations,
+    first_seen_at: firstSeenAt,
+    last_seen_at: lastSeenAt,
+    credited_at: status === CREDITED_STATUS ? (existing?.credited_at || observedAt) : null,
+    bridge_deposit_tx_hash: bridgeTxHash,
+    bridge_status: bridgeStatus,
+    credit_correlation: bridgeStatus ? (bridgeDeposit?.tx_hash === txHash ? 'tx_hash' : 'handle') : null,
+  };
+}
+
+export function summarizeFundingObservations(observations, { now = new Date().toISOString() } = {}) {
+  const byHandle = {};
+  const byAsset = {};
+  const uncreditedFundingTotalByAsset = {};
+  const creditCorrelation = {};
+  let latestFundingObservationAt = null;
+
+  const sorted = [...observations].sort((left, right) => (
+    timestampValue(right.last_seen_at) - timestampValue(left.last_seen_at)
+  ));
+
+  for (const observation of sorted) {
+    if (!observation?.funding_observation_id) continue;
+
+    const handleKey = observation.funding_handle || `${observation.chain}:${observation.asset_id}`;
+    const ageMs = isoAgeMs(observation.last_seen_at, now);
+    const enriched = {
+      ...observation,
+      age_ms: ageMs,
+      spendable: false,
+      pre_credit: observation.status !== CREDITED_STATUS,
+    };
+
+    const handle = byHandle[handleKey] ||= {
+      funding_handle: observation.funding_handle,
+      chain: observation.chain,
+      asset_id: observation.asset_id,
+      source: observation.source,
+      latest_status: observation.status,
+      latest_observation_at: observation.last_seen_at,
+      pre_credit_total: '0',
+      observations: [],
+    };
+    handle.observations.push(enriched);
+
+    if (timestampValue(observation.last_seen_at) > timestampValue(handle.latest_observation_at)) {
+      handle.latest_status = observation.status;
+      handle.latest_observation_at = observation.last_seen_at;
+      handle.source = observation.source;
+    }
+
+    const asset = byAsset[observation.asset_id] ||= {
+      asset_id: observation.asset_id,
+      pre_credit_total: '0',
+      latest_observation_at: observation.last_seen_at,
+      latest_status: observation.status,
+    };
+    if (timestampValue(observation.last_seen_at) > timestampValue(asset.latest_observation_at)) {
+      asset.latest_observation_at = observation.last_seen_at;
+      asset.latest_status = observation.status;
+    }
+
+    creditCorrelation[observation.funding_observation_id] = {
+      funding_observation_id: observation.funding_observation_id,
+      tx_hash: observation.tx_hash,
+      bridge_deposit_tx_hash: observation.bridge_deposit_tx_hash,
+      status: observation.status,
+      credited_at: observation.credited_at,
+      bridge_status: observation.bridge_status,
+    };
+
+    if (observation.status !== CREDITED_STATUS) {
+      handle.pre_credit_total = addAmounts(handle.pre_credit_total, observation.amount);
+      asset.pre_credit_total = addAmounts(asset.pre_credit_total, observation.amount);
+      uncreditedFundingTotalByAsset[observation.asset_id] = addAmounts(
+        uncreditedFundingTotalByAsset[observation.asset_id] || '0',
+        observation.amount,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (timestampValue(observation.last_seen_at) > timestampValue(latestFundingObservationAt)) {
+      latestFundingObservationAt = observation.last_seen_at;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    funding_observations_by_handle: mapToSortedObject(byHandle),
+    funding_visibility_by_asset: mapToSortedObject(byAsset),
+    latest_funding_observation_at: latestFundingObservationAt,
+    uncredited_funding_total_by_asset: mapToSortedObject(uncreditedFundingTotalByAsset),
+    credit_correlation: mapToSortedObject(creditCorrelation),
+  };
+}
+
+export function buildFundingVisibility(observations, { now = new Date().toISOString() } = {}) {
+  const summary = summarizeFundingObservations(observations, { now });
+  return {
+    last_observed_at: summary.latest_funding_observation_at,
+    pre_credit_inbound: summary.uncredited_funding_total_by_asset,
+    by_asset: summary.funding_visibility_by_asset,
+    by_handle: summary.funding_observations_by_handle,
+  };
+}
+
+export function hasFundingObservationChanged(previous, next) {
+  if (!previous) return true;
+
+  return (
+    previous.status !== next.status
+    || previous.confirmations !== next.confirmations
+    || previous.bridge_deposit_tx_hash !== next.bridge_deposit_tx_hash
+    || previous.bridge_status !== next.bridge_status
+    || previous.credited_at !== next.credited_at
+  );
+}
+
+export function matchBridgeDeposit({ txHash, fundingHandle, bridgeDeposits }) {
+  const txMatch = bridgeDeposits.find((deposit) => deposit?.tx_hash && deposit.tx_hash === txHash);
+  if (txMatch) return txMatch;
+
+  return bridgeDeposits.find((deposit) => (
+    !deposit?.tx_hash
+    && (
+    deposit?.address
+    && fundingHandle
+    && deposit.address === fundingHandle
+    )
+  )) || null;
+}
+
+function normalizeBridgeStatus(status) {
+  return status ? String(status).toUpperCase() : null;
+}
+
+function normalizeConfirmations(value) {
+  const normalized = Number(value);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(normalized) || normalized < 0) return 0;
+  return Math.floor(normalized);
+}
+
+function addAmounts(left, right) {
+  return (bigintAmount(left) + bigintAmount(right)).toString();
+}
+
+function isoAgeMs(from, to) {
+  const start = timestampValue(from);
+  const end = timestampValue(to);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(start) || !Number.isFinite(end)) return null;
+  return Math.max(0, end - start);
+}
+
+function timestampValue(value) {
+  if (!value) return -Infinity;
+  const parsed = Date.parse(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : -Infinity;
+}
--- a/src/core/history-records.mjs
+++ b/src/core/history-records.mjs
@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import {
  assertExecuteTradeCommand,
+  assertFundingObservationEvent,
  assertInventorySnapshotEvent,
  assertLiquidityActionEvent,
  assertMarketPriceEvent,
  assertNormalizedSwapDemand,
+  assertOpsAlertEvent,
  assertTradeDecisionEvent,
  assertTradeResult,
 } from './schemas.mjs';
@ -73,6 +75,32 @@ export function routeHistoryRecord({ topic, event }) {
          decision_key: event.payload.liquidity_action_id,
        },
      };
+    case 'ops.funding_observation':
+      assertFundingObservationEvent(event);
+      return {
+        table: 'funding_observations',
+        record: {
+          event_id: event.event_id,
+          observed_at: event.observed_at,
+          ingested_at: event.ingested_at,
+          quote_id: null,
+          pair: null,
+          decision_key: event.payload.funding_observation_id,
+        },
+      };
+    case 'ops.alert':
+      assertOpsAlertEvent(event);
+      return {
+        table: 'ops_alerts',
+        record: {
+          event_id: event.event_id,
+          observed_at: event.observed_at,
+          ingested_at: event.ingested_at,
+          quote_id: null,
+          pair: event.payload.pair || null,
+          decision_key: event.payload.alert_event_id,
+        },
+      };
    case 'decision.trade_decision':
      assertTradeDecisionEvent(event);
      return {
--- a/src/core/liquidity-state.mjs
+++ b/src/core/liquidity-state.mjs
@ -3,8 +3,16 @@ export function normalizeLiquidityState(state, { withdrawalsFrozen }) {
  state.deposits ||= {};
  state.tracked_withdrawals ||= {};
  state.supported_tokens ||= {};
+  state.funding_observations ||= {};
+  state.funding_observations_by_handle ||= {};
+  state.funding_visibility_by_asset ||= {};
+  state.uncredited_funding_total_by_asset ||= {};
+  state.credit_correlation ||= {};
+  state.observer_health ||= {};
  state.publish_count ||= 0;
+  state.funding_publish_count ||= 0;
  state.withdrawals_frozen ??= withdrawalsFrozen;
  state.paused ??= false;
+  state.funding_observer_paused ??= false;
  return state;
 }
--- a/src/core/schemas.mjs
+++ b/src/core/schemas.mjs
@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ function requireOneOf(value, field, values) {
  if (!values.includes(value)) throw new Error(`Unexpected ${field}: ${value}`);
 }

+function requireNumber(value, field) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(value)) throw new Error(`Missing ${field}`);
+}
+
 export function assertEventEnvelope(event) {
  requireObject(event, 'event');
  requireString(event.event_id, 'event.event_id');
@ -74,6 +78,50 @@ export function assertLiquidityActionEvent(event) {
  return event;
 }

+export function assertFundingObservationEvent(event) {
+  assertEventEnvelope(event);
+  if (event.event_type !== 'funding_observation') {
+    throw new Error(`Unexpected event_type: ${event.event_type}`);
+  }
+
+  const payload = event.payload;
+  requireString(payload.funding_observation_id, 'payload.funding_observation_id');
+  requireString(payload.account_id, 'payload.account_id');
+  requireString(payload.asset_id, 'payload.asset_id');
+  requireString(payload.chain, 'payload.chain');
+  requireString(payload.funding_handle, 'payload.funding_handle');
+  requireString(payload.source, 'payload.source');
+  requireString(payload.tx_hash, 'payload.tx_hash');
+  requireString(payload.status, 'payload.status');
+  requireString(payload.amount, 'payload.amount');
+  requireNumber(payload.confirmations, 'payload.confirmations');
+  requireString(payload.first_seen_at, 'payload.first_seen_at');
+  requireString(payload.last_seen_at, 'payload.last_seen_at');
+  if (payload.credited_at != null) requireString(payload.credited_at, 'payload.credited_at');
+  if (payload.bridge_deposit_tx_hash != null) {
+    requireString(payload.bridge_deposit_tx_hash, 'payload.bridge_deposit_tx_hash');
+  }
+  return event;
+}
+
+export function assertOpsAlertEvent(event) {
+  assertEventEnvelope(event);
+  if (event.event_type !== 'ops_alert') throw new Error(`Unexpected event_type: ${event.event_type}`);
+
+  const payload = event.payload;
+  requireString(payload.alert_event_id, 'payload.alert_event_id');
+  requireString(payload.alert_code, 'payload.alert_code');
+  requireString(payload.status, 'payload.status');
+  requireOneOf(payload.status, 'payload.status', ['raised', 'cleared']);
+  requireString(payload.severity, 'payload.severity');
+  requireString(payload.reason, 'payload.reason');
+  requireString(payload.service_scope, 'payload.service_scope');
+  requireString(payload.raised_at, 'payload.raised_at');
+  if (payload.cleared_at != null) requireString(payload.cleared_at, 'payload.cleared_at');
+  requireObject(payload.details, 'payload.details');
+  return event;
+}
+
 export function assertTradeDecisionEvent(event) {
  assertEventEnvelope(event);
  if (event.event_type !== 'trade_decision') throw new Error(`Unexpected event_type: ${event.event_type}`);
--- a/src/lib/config.mjs
+++ b/src/lib/config.mjs
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ const DEFAULTS = {
  historyWriterControlPort: 8085,
  strategyEngineControlPort: 8086,
  tradeExecutorControlPort: 8087,
+  opsSentinelControlPort: 8088,
  kafkaBrokers: ['127.0.0.1:9092'],
  kafkaClientId: 'unrip',
  kafkaTopicRawNearIntentsQuote: 'raw.near_intents.quote',
@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ const DEFAULTS = {
  kafkaTopicRefMarketPrice: 'ref.market_price',
  kafkaTopicStateIntentInventory: 'state.intent_inventory',
  kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction: 'ops.liquidity_action',
+  kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation: 'ops.funding_observation',
+  kafkaTopicOpsAlert: 'ops.alert',
  kafkaTopicDecisionTradeDecision: 'decision.trade_decision',
  kafkaTopicCmdExecuteTrade: 'cmd.execute_trade',
  kafkaTopicExecTradeResult: 'exec.trade_result',
@ -32,6 +35,7 @@ const DEFAULTS = {
  kafkaConsumerGroupInventory: 'inventory-sync-v1',
  kafkaConsumerGroupStrategy: 'strategy-engine-v1',
  kafkaConsumerGroupExecutor: 'trade-executor-v1',
+  kafkaConsumerGroupOpsSentinel: 'ops-sentinel-v1',
  executorStateDir: './var/executor-state',
  liquidityStateDir: './var/liquidity-state',
  postgresUrl: 'postgresql://unrip:unrip@127.0.0.1:5432/unrip',
@ -63,6 +67,11 @@ const DEFAULTS = {
  executorInitialArmed: false,
  executorResponseTimeoutMs: 10_000,
  withdrawalsFrozen: true,
+  btcFundingObserverEnabled: true,
+  btcFundingObserverBaseUrl: 'https://mempool.space/api',
+  fundingObservationStuckMs: 60 * 60 * 1000,
+  opsSentinelEvaluationMs: 5_000,
+  opsSentinelFundingCreditPendingMs: 5 * 60 * 1000,
 };

 function splitCsv(value) {
@ -171,6 +180,12 @@ export function loadConfig({ envPath = '.env' } = {}) {
      process.env.HISTORY_WRITER_CONTROL_PORT,
      DEFAULTS.historyWriterControlPort,
    ),
+    opsSentinelControlHost:
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_CONTROL_HOST || DEFAULTS.nearIntentsControlHost,
+    opsSentinelControlPort: parseNumber(
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_CONTROL_PORT,
+      DEFAULTS.opsSentinelControlPort,
+    ),
    strategyEngineControlHost:
      process.env.STRATEGY_ENGINE_CONTROL_HOST || DEFAULTS.nearIntentsControlHost,
    strategyEngineControlPort: parseNumber(
@ -197,6 +212,10 @@ export function loadConfig({ envPath = '.env' } = {}) {
      process.env.KAFKA_TOPIC_STATE_INTENT_INVENTORY || DEFAULTS.kafkaTopicStateIntentInventory,
    kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction:
      process.env.KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_LIQUIDITY_ACTION || DEFAULTS.kafkaTopicOpsLiquidityAction,
+    kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation:
+      process.env.KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_FUNDING_OBSERVATION || DEFAULTS.kafkaTopicOpsFundingObservation,
+    kafkaTopicOpsAlert:
+      process.env.KAFKA_TOPIC_OPS_ALERT || DEFAULTS.kafkaTopicOpsAlert,
    kafkaTopicDecisionTradeDecision:
      process.env.KAFKA_TOPIC_DECISION_TRADE_DECISION || DEFAULTS.kafkaTopicDecisionTradeDecision,
    kafkaTopicCmdExecuteTrade:
@ -211,6 +230,8 @@ export function loadConfig({ envPath = '.env' } = {}) {
      process.env.KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_STRATEGY || DEFAULTS.kafkaConsumerGroupStrategy,
    kafkaConsumerGroupExecutor:
      process.env.KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_EXECUTOR || DEFAULTS.kafkaConsumerGroupExecutor,
+    kafkaConsumerGroupOpsSentinel:
+      process.env.KAFKA_CONSUMER_GROUP_OPS_SENTINEL || DEFAULTS.kafkaConsumerGroupOpsSentinel,
    executorStateDir: process.env.EXECUTOR_STATE_DIR || DEFAULTS.executorStateDir,
    liquidityStateDir: process.env.LIQUIDITY_STATE_DIR || DEFAULTS.liquidityStateDir,
    postgresUrl: process.env.POSTGRES_URL || DEFAULTS.postgresUrl,
@ -280,5 +301,35 @@ export function loadConfig({ envPath = '.env' } = {}) {
      process.env.LIQUIDITY_WITHDRAWALS_FROZEN,
      DEFAULTS.withdrawalsFrozen,
    ),
+    btcFundingObserverEnabled: parseBoolean(
+      process.env.BTC_FUNDING_OBSERVER_ENABLED,
+      DEFAULTS.btcFundingObserverEnabled,
+    ),
+    btcFundingObserverBaseUrl:
+      process.env.BTC_FUNDING_OBSERVER_BASE_URL || DEFAULTS.btcFundingObserverBaseUrl,
+    fundingObservationStuckMs: parseNumber(
+      process.env.FUNDING_OBSERVATION_STUCK_MS,
+      DEFAULTS.fundingObservationStuckMs,
+    ),
+    opsSentinelEvaluationMs: parseNumber(
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_EVALUATION_MS,
+      DEFAULTS.opsSentinelEvaluationMs,
+    ),
+    opsSentinelPriceStaleMs: parseNumber(
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_PRICE_STALE_MS,
+      DEFAULTS.marketReferenceMaxAgeMs,
+    ),
+    opsSentinelInventoryStaleMs: parseNumber(
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_INVENTORY_STALE_MS,
+      DEFAULTS.strategyInventoryMaxAgeMs,
+    ),
+    opsSentinelFundingCreditPendingMs: parseNumber(
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_FUNDING_CREDIT_PENDING_MS,
+      DEFAULTS.opsSentinelFundingCreditPendingMs,
+    ),
+    opsSentinelFundingStuckMs: parseNumber(
+      process.env.OPS_SENTINEL_FUNDING_STUCK_MS,
+      DEFAULTS.fundingObservationStuckMs,
+    ),
  };
 }
--- a/src/lib/postgres.mjs
+++ b/src/lib/postgres.mjs
@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ const TABLES = [
  'market_price_events',
  'intent_inventory_snapshots',
  'liquidity_actions',
+  'funding_observations',
+  'ops_alerts',
  'trade_decisions',
  'execute_trade_commands',
  'trade_execution_results',
@ -51,6 +53,47 @@ export async function ensureHistorySchema(pool) {
    `);
  }

+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'funding_observations_tx_hash_idx',
+    table: 'funding_observations',
+    expression: "(payload->>'tx_hash')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'funding_observations_handle_idx',
+    table: 'funding_observations',
+    expression: "(payload->>'funding_handle')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'funding_observations_asset_id_idx',
+    table: 'funding_observations',
+    expression: "(payload->>'asset_id')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'funding_observations_chain_idx',
+    table: 'funding_observations',
+    expression: "(payload->>'chain')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'funding_observations_status_idx',
+    table: 'funding_observations',
+    expression: "(payload->>'status')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'ops_alerts_alert_code_idx',
+    table: 'ops_alerts',
+    expression: "(payload->>'alert_code')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'ops_alerts_status_idx',
+    table: 'ops_alerts',
+    expression: "(payload->>'status')",
+  });
+  await ensureExpressionIndex(pool, {
+    name: 'ops_alerts_asset_id_idx',
+    table: 'ops_alerts',
+    expression: "(payload->>'asset_id')",
+  });
+
  await pool.query(`
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${PORTFOLIO_METRICS_TABLE} (
      metric_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
@ -240,3 +283,10 @@ function normalizePortfolioMetricRow(row) {
    payload: row.payload,
  };
 }
+
+async function ensureExpressionIndex(pool, { name, table, expression }) {
+  await pool.query(`
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ${name}
+    ON ${table} (${expression})
+  `);
+}
--- a/src/observers/btc-address-observer.mjs
+++ b/src/observers/btc-address-observer.mjs
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { fetchJson } from '../lib/http.mjs';
+
+export function createBtcAddressObserver({
+  baseUrl,
+  source = 'btc_mempool_space',
+}) {
+  const normalizedBaseUrl = String(baseUrl || '').replace(/\/+$/, '');
+  if (!normalizedBaseUrl) throw new Error('Missing BTC funding observer base URL');
+
+  return {
+    async listTransactions({ address }) {
+      if (!address) return {
+        source,
+        observed_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+        transactions: [],
+      };
+
+      const [tipHeight, latestTxs, mempoolTxs] = await Promise.all([
+        fetchTipHeight(normalizedBaseUrl),
+        fetchJson(`${normalizedBaseUrl}/address/${encodeURIComponent(address)}/txs`).catch(() => []),
+        fetchJson(`${normalizedBaseUrl}/address/${encodeURIComponent(address)}/txs/mempool`).catch(() => []),
+      ]);
+
+      const transactions = dedupeTransactions([...(latestTxs || []), ...(mempoolTxs || [])])
+        .map((tx) => normalizeBtcTransaction(tx, { address, tipHeight, source }))
+        .filter(Boolean);
+
+      return {
+        source,
+        observed_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+        transactions,
+      };
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+async function fetchTipHeight(baseUrl) {
+  const response = await fetch(`${baseUrl}/blocks/tip/height`);
+  if (!response.ok) return null;
+
+  const text = await response.text();
+  const parsed = Number(text);
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+}
+
+function dedupeTransactions(transactions) {
+  const seen = new Set();
+  const deduped = [];
+  for (const tx of transactions) {
+    const key = tx?.txid;
+    if (!key || seen.has(key)) continue;
+    seen.add(key);
+    deduped.push(tx);
+  }
+  return deduped;
+}
+
+function normalizeBtcTransaction(tx, { address, tipHeight, source }) {
+  if (!tx?.txid) return null;
+
+  const amount = sumOutputsToAddress(tx.vout, address);
+  if (amount === 0n) return null;
+
+  const confirmed = tx.status?.confirmed === true;
+  const confirmations = confirmed
+    ? computeConfirmations(tipHeight, tx.status?.block_height)
+    : 0;
+  const observedAt = tx.status?.block_time
+    ? new Date(Number(tx.status.block_time) * 1000).toISOString()
+    : new Date().toISOString();
+
+  return {
+    source,
+    tx_hash: tx.txid,
+    amount: amount.toString(),
+    confirmations,
+    observed_at: observedAt,
+  };
+}
+
+function sumOutputsToAddress(outputs, address) {
+  let total = 0n;
+  for (const output of outputs || []) {
+    if (output?.scriptpubkey_address !== address) continue;
+    total += BigInt(String(output.value || 0));
+  }
+  return total;
+}
+
+function computeConfirmations(tipHeight, blockHeight) {
+  const tip = Number(tipHeight);
+  const block = Number(blockHeight);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(tip) || !Number.isFinite(block)) return 1;
+  return Math.max(1, (tip - block) + 1);
+}
--- a/test/alert-engine.test.mjs
+++ b/test/alert-engine.test.mjs
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import { createAlertEngine } from '../src/core/alert-engine.mjs';
+
+function createEngine() {
+  return createAlertEngine({
+    activePair: 'nep141:btc.omft.near->nep141:eure.omft.near',
+    priceStaleMs: 30_000,
+    inventoryStaleMs: 30_000,
+    fundingCreditPendingMs: 300_000,
+    fundingStuckMs: 3_600_000,
+    evaluationIntervalMs: 5_000,
+  });
+}
+
+test('alert engine raises and clears stale state transitions', () => {
+  const engine = createEngine();
+
+  let transitions = engine.applyEvent('ref.market_price', {
+    price_id: 'price-1',
+    pair: 'nep141:btc.omft.near->nep141:eure.omft.near',
+    eur_per_btc: '100000',
+    btc_per_eure: '0.00001',
+    observed_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z');
+  assert.equal(transitions.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].alert_code, 'inventory_snapshot_stale');
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].status, 'raised');
+
+  transitions = engine.applyEvent('state.intent_inventory', {
+    inventory_id: 'inventory-1',
+    account_id: 'solver.near',
+    reconciliation_status: 'ok',
+    spendable: { 'nep141:btc.omft.near': '1000' },
+    synced_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z');
+  assert.equal(transitions.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].alert_code, 'inventory_snapshot_stale');
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].status, 'cleared');
+
+  transitions = engine.evaluate('2026-04-03T08:00:31.000Z');
+  assert.equal(transitions.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    transitions.map((transition) => `${transition.alert_code}:${transition.status}`).sort(),
+    [
+      'inventory_snapshot_stale:raised',
+      'reference_price_stale:raised',
+    ],
+  );
+
+  transitions = engine.applyEvent('ref.market_price', {
+    price_id: 'price-2',
+    pair: 'nep141:btc.omft.near->nep141:eure.omft.near',
+    eur_per_btc: '100100',
+    btc_per_eure: '0.00000999',
+    observed_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:32.000Z',
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:32.000Z');
+  assert.equal(transitions.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].alert_code, 'reference_price_stale');
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].status, 'cleared');
+});
+
+test('executor submission failure produces an alert event and clears on recovery', () => {
+  const engine = createEngine();
+  engine.applyEvent('ref.market_price', {
+    price_id: 'price-1',
+    pair: 'nep141:btc.omft.near->nep141:eure.omft.near',
+    eur_per_btc: '100000',
+    btc_per_eure: '0.00001',
+    observed_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z');
+  engine.applyEvent('state.intent_inventory', {
+    inventory_id: 'inventory-1',
+    account_id: 'solver.near',
+    reconciliation_status: 'ok',
+    spendable: { 'nep141:btc.omft.near': '1000' },
+    synced_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z');
+
+  let transitions = engine.applyEvent('exec.trade_result', {
+    command_id: 'cmd-1',
+    quote_id: 'quote-1',
+    pair: 'nep141:btc.omft.near->nep141:eure.omft.near',
+    status: 'failed',
+    result_code: 'submission_failed',
+    error: { message: 'relay timeout' },
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:10.000Z');
+  assert.equal(transitions.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].alert_code, 'executor_submission_failed');
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].status, 'raised');
+
+  transitions = engine.applyEvent('exec.trade_result', {
+    command_id: 'cmd-2',
+    quote_id: 'quote-2',
+    pair: 'nep141:btc.omft.near->nep141:eure.omft.near',
+    status: 'submitted',
+    result_code: 'quote_response_ok',
+  }, '2026-04-03T08:00:20.000Z');
+  assert.equal(transitions.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].alert_code, 'executor_submission_failed');
+  assert.equal(transitions[0].status, 'cleared');
+});
--- a/test/funding-observations.test.mjs
+++ b/test/funding-observations.test.mjs
@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import {
+  buildFundingVisibility,
+  correlateFundingObservation,
+} from '../src/core/funding-observations.mjs';
+import { buildInventorySnapshot } from '../src/core/inventory.mjs';
+import { routeHistoryRecord } from '../src/core/history-records.mjs';
+
+test('pre-credit funding visibility remains non-spendable', () => {
+  const observation = correlateFundingObservation({
+    accountId: 'solver.near',
+    assetId: 'nep141:btc.omft.near',
+    chain: 'btc:mainnet',
+    fundingHandle: 'bc1qexample',
+    source: 'btc_mempool_space',
+    txHash: 'btc-tx-1',
+    amount: '1500',
+    confirmations: 0,
+    observedAt: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+  });
+
+  const inventory = buildInventorySnapshot({
+    accountId: 'solver.near',
+    balances: {
+      'nep141:btc.omft.near': '1000',
+    },
+    recentDeposits: [],
+    trackedWithdrawals: [],
+    assetRegistry: new Map([
+      ['nep141:btc.omft.near', { decimals: 8 }],
+    ]),
+    observedAt: '2026-04-03T08:01:00.000Z',
+  });
+  const visibility = buildFundingVisibility([observation], {
+    now: '2026-04-03T08:01:00.000Z',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(observation.status, 'SEEN_UNCONFIRMED');
+  assert.equal(inventory.spendable['nep141:btc.omft.near'], '1000');
+  assert.equal(visibility.pre_credit_inbound['nep141:btc.omft.near'], '1500');
+  assert.equal(visibility.by_handle.bc1qexample.observations[0].spendable, false);
+});
+
+test('funding observation correlates to later credit without losing tx hash', () => {
+  const seen = correlateFundingObservation({
+    accountId: 'solver.near',
+    assetId: 'nep141:btc.omft.near',
+    chain: 'btc:mainnet',
+    fundingHandle: 'bc1qexample',
+    source: 'btc_mempool_space',
+    txHash: 'btc-tx-1',
+    amount: '1500',
+    confirmations: 2,
+    observedAt: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+  });
+  const credited = correlateFundingObservation({
+    existing: seen,
+    accountId: 'solver.near',
+    assetId: 'nep141:btc.omft.near',
+    chain: 'btc:mainnet',
+    fundingHandle: 'bc1qexample',
+    source: 'btc_mempool_space',
+    txHash: 'btc-tx-1',
+    amount: '1500',
+    confirmations: 3,
+    observedAt: '2026-04-03T08:10:00.000Z',
+    bridgeDeposit: {
+      tx_hash: 'btc-tx-1',
+      status: 'COMPLETED',
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(credited.status, 'CREDITED');
+  assert.equal(credited.tx_hash, 'btc-tx-1');
+  assert.equal(credited.bridge_deposit_tx_hash, 'btc-tx-1');
+  assert.equal(credited.funding_observation_id, seen.funding_observation_id);
+  assert.equal(credited.credited_at, '2026-04-03T08:10:00.000Z');
+});
+
+test('history writer routes funding observations into the funding table family', () => {
+  const routed = routeHistoryRecord({
+    topic: 'ops.funding_observation',
+    event: {
+      event_id: 'evt-funding-1',
+      event_type: 'funding_observation',
+      venue: 'near-intents',
+      schema_version: 1,
+      ingested_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+      payload: {
+        funding_observation_id: 'funding-1',
+        account_id: 'solver.near',
+        asset_id: 'nep141:btc.omft.near',
+        chain: 'btc:mainnet',
+        funding_handle: 'bc1qexample',
+        source: 'btc_mempool_space',
+        tx_hash: 'btc-tx-1',
+        status: 'SEEN_CONFIRMED',
+        amount: '1500',
+        confirmations: 2,
+        first_seen_at: '2026-04-03T08:00:00.000Z',
+        last_seen_at: '2026-04-03T08:05:00.000Z',
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(routed.table, 'funding_observations');
+  assert.equal(routed.record.decision_key, 'funding-1');
+});
--- a/test/liquidity-state.test.mjs
+++ b/test/liquidity-state.test.mjs
@ -16,6 +16,13 @@ test('normalizeLiquidityState hydrates missing nested maps from persisted partia
  assert.deepEqual(state.deposits, {});
  assert.deepEqual(state.tracked_withdrawals, {});
  assert.deepEqual(state.supported_tokens, {});
+  assert.deepEqual(state.funding_observations, {});
+  assert.deepEqual(state.funding_observations_by_handle, {});
+  assert.deepEqual(state.funding_visibility_by_asset, {});
+  assert.deepEqual(state.uncredited_funding_total_by_asset, {});
+  assert.deepEqual(state.credit_correlation, {});
+  assert.deepEqual(state.observer_health, {});
  assert.equal(state.withdrawals_frozen, true);
  assert.equal(state.paused, false);
+  assert.equal(state.funding_observer_paused, false);
 });