Batch durable history writes

Proof: History-writer now writes routed event batches with one bulk insert per table, preserving decision and normalized quote history while reducing Kafka lag that delayed durable strategy decision rows.

Assumptions: Kafka message order within a topic partition remains sufficient for durability; environment status events keep their dedicated dedupe path; this change does not alter strategy, edge, notional, inventory, arming, or relay submission behavior.

Still fake: Venue-native terminal fill ids and fee-complete realized PnL remain unavailable; historical decision rows can still lag until the deployed batch writer drains existing backlog.

src/apps/history-writer.mjs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import {
   ensureHistorySchema,
   insertEnvironmentStatusChange,
   finishNotificationDelivery,
-  insertHistoryEvent,
+  insertHistoryEvents,
   loadLatestPortfolioMetric,
   loadPortfolioMetricInputs,
   refreshIntentRequestOutcomes,
@@ -165,25 +165,77 @@ await refreshIntentRequestOutcomeAttributions().catch((error) => {
 });
 
 await consumer.run({
-  eachMessage: async ({ topic, partition, message }) => {
+  eachBatch: async ({ batch, heartbeat }) => {
-    if (!message.value || state.paused) return;
+    if (state.paused) return;
 
+    const contexts = [];
+    const batchEntries = [];
+
+    for (const message of batch.messages) {
+      if (!message.value) continue;
       try {
         const event = parseEventMessage(message.value.toString());
-      const routed = routeHistoryRecord({ topic, event });
+        const routed = routeHistoryRecord({ topic: batch.topic, event });
-      const writeResult = topic === config.kafkaTopicOpsEnvironmentStatus
+        const context = {
-        ? await insertEnvironmentStatusChange(pool, {
+          topic: batch.topic,
-          topic,
+          partition: batch.partition,
+          message,
           event,
-          record: routed.record,
+          routed,
-        })
+          writeResult: null,
-        : await insertHistoryEvent(pool, {
+        };
-          table: routed.table,
-          topic,
-          event,
-          record: routed.record,
-        }).then(() => ({ inserted: true }));
 
+        contexts.push(context);
+        if (batch.topic === config.kafkaTopicOpsEnvironmentStatus) {
+          context.writeResult = await insertEnvironmentStatusChange(pool, {
+            topic: batch.topic,
+            event,
+            record: routed.record,
+          });
+        } else {
+          batchEntries.push({
+            table: routed.table,
+            topic: batch.topic,
+            event,
+            record: routed.record,
+          });
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        recordHistoryError(batch.topic, error);
+      }
+    }
+
+    let insertedEventIds = new Set();
+    try {
+      ({ insertedEventIds } = await insertHistoryEvents(pool, batchEntries));
+    } catch (error) {
+      recordHistoryError(batch.topic, error);
+      throw error;
+    }
+
+    for (const context of contexts) {
+      if (!context.writeResult) {
+        context.writeResult = {
+          inserted: insertedEventIds.has(context.event.event_id),
+        };
+      }
+      await handleWrittenHistoryEvent(context);
+      await heartbeat();
+    }
+
+    if (state.draining) {
+      setTimeout(() => shutdown(), 0);
+    }
+  },
+});
+
+async function handleWrittenHistoryEvent({
+  topic,
+  partition,
+  message,
+  event,
+  writeResult,
+}) {
   const handledAt = new Date().toISOString();
   if (writeResult.inserted) {
     state.last_write_at = handledAt;
@@ -266,7 +318,9 @@ await consumer.run({
       });
     }
   }
-    } catch (error) {
+}
+
+function recordHistoryError(topic, error) {
   state.last_error = serializeError(error);
   state.error_count += 1;
   logger.error('history_write_failed', {
@@ -275,13 +329,7 @@ await consumer.run({
       error: serializeError(error),
     },
   });
-    } finally {
+}
-      if (state.draining) {
-        setTimeout(() => shutdown(), 0);
-      }
-    }
-  },
-});
 
 const controlApi = startControlApi({
   host: config.historyWriterControlHost,

src/lib/postgres.mjs

@@ -2003,7 +2003,7 @@ function importedAssetChanged(previous, next) {
 }
 
 export async function insertHistoryEvent(pool, { table, topic, event, record }) {
-  await pool.query(
+  const result = await pool.query(
     `
       INSERT INTO ${table} (
         event_id,
@@ -2022,6 +2022,7 @@ export async function insertHistoryEvent(pool, { table, topic, event, record })
         $1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9,$10,$11::jsonb,$12::jsonb
       )
       ON CONFLICT (event_id) DO NOTHING
+      RETURNING event_id
     `,
     [
       event.event_id,
@@ -2038,6 +2039,75 @@ export async function insertHistoryEvent(pool, { table, topic, event, record })
       event.raw ? JSON.stringify(event.raw) : null,
     ],
   );
+  return { inserted: result.rowCount > 0 };
+}
+
+export async function insertHistoryEvents(pool, entries = []) {
+  const insertedEventIds = new Set();
+  const normalizedEntries = (entries || []).filter(Boolean);
+  if (!normalizedEntries.length) return { insertedEventIds };
+
+  const entriesByTable = new Map();
+  for (const entry of normalizedEntries) {
+    if (!TABLES.includes(entry.table)) {
+      throw new Error(`unsupported history table: ${entry.table}`);
+    }
+    const list = entriesByTable.get(entry.table) || [];
+    list.push(entry);
+    entriesByTable.set(entry.table, list);
+  }
+
+  for (const [table, tableEntries] of entriesByTable.entries()) {
+    for (let start = 0; start < tableEntries.length; start += 1000) {
+      const chunk = tableEntries.slice(start, start + 1000);
+      const values = [];
+      const placeholders = chunk.map((entry, index) => {
+        const offset = index * 12;
+        values.push(
+          entry.event.event_id,
+          entry.topic,
+          entry.event.venue,
+          entry.event.source,
+          entry.event.event_type,
+          entry.event.observed_at,
+          entry.event.ingested_at,
+          entry.record.quote_id,
+          entry.record.pair,
+          entry.record.decision_key,
+          JSON.stringify(entry.event.payload),
+          entry.event.raw ? JSON.stringify(entry.event.raw) : null,
+        );
+        return `($${offset + 1},$${offset + 2},$${offset + 3},$${offset + 4},$${offset + 5},$${offset + 6},$${offset + 7},$${offset + 8},$${offset + 9},$${offset + 10},$${offset + 11}::jsonb,$${offset + 12}::jsonb)`;
+      }).join(',');
+
+      const result = await pool.query(
+        `
+          INSERT INTO ${table} (
+            event_id,
+            topic,
+            venue,
+            source,
+            event_type,
+            observed_at,
+            ingested_at,
+            quote_id,
+            pair,
+            decision_key,
+            payload,
+            raw
+          ) VALUES ${placeholders}
+          ON CONFLICT (event_id) DO NOTHING
+          RETURNING event_id
+        `,
+        values,
+      );
+      for (const row of result.rows || []) {
+        insertedEventIds.add(row.event_id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { insertedEventIds };
 }
 
 export async function insertEnvironmentStatusChange(pool, { topic, event, record }) {

test/history-writer-static.test.mjs

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ const source = readFileSync(new URL('../src/apps/history-writer.mjs', import.met
 test('history writer replays durable topics but joins the raw quote firehose live', () => {
   assert.match(source, /fromBeginning:\s*topic !== config\.kafkaTopicRawNearIntentsQuote/);
   assert.match(source, /Raw quote volume is a live firehose/);
+  assert.match(source, /eachBatch/);
+  assert.match(source, /insertHistoryEvents/);
 });
 
 test('history writer passes tracked assets into portfolio valuation', () => {

test/inventory-and-history.test.mjs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 
 import { buildInventorySnapshot } from '../src/core/inventory.mjs';
 import { routeHistoryRecord } from '../src/core/history-records.mjs';
+import { insertHistoryEvents } from '../src/lib/postgres.mjs';
 
 test('inventory snapshot keeps pending funding out of spendable balances', () => {
   const snapshot = buildInventorySnapshot({
@@ -62,3 +63,52 @@ test('history writer routes decision events into the decision table family', ()
   assert.equal(routed.record.decision_key, 'decision-1');
   assert.equal(routed.record.quote_id, 'quote-1');
 });
+
+test('bulk history insert writes multiple routed events in one table statement', async () => {
+  const queries = [];
+  const pool = {
+    async query(sql, params) {
+      queries.push({ sql, params });
+      return {
+        rows: [
+          { event_id: params[0] },
+          { event_id: params[12] },
+        ],
+        rowCount: 2,
+      };
+    },
+  };
+
+  const result = await insertHistoryEvents(pool, [
+    {
+      table: 'trade_decisions',
+      topic: 'decision.trade_decision',
+      event: historyEvent('evt-1', { decision_id: 'decision-1', quote_id: 'quote-1' }),
+      record: { quote_id: 'quote-1', pair: 'a->b', decision_key: 'decision-1' },
+    },
+    {
+      table: 'trade_decisions',
+      topic: 'decision.trade_decision',
+      event: historyEvent('evt-2', { decision_id: 'decision-2', quote_id: 'quote-2' }),
+      record: { quote_id: 'quote-2', pair: 'a->b', decision_key: 'decision-2' },
+    },
+  ]);
+
+  assert.equal(queries.length, 1);
+  assert.match(queries[0].sql, /INSERT INTO trade_decisions/);
+  assert.match(queries[0].sql, /RETURNING event_id/);
+  assert.equal(queries[0].params.length, 24);
+  assert.deepEqual([...result.insertedEventIds].sort(), ['evt-1', 'evt-2']);
+});
+
+function historyEvent(eventId, payload) {
+  return {
+    event_id: eventId,
+    event_type: 'trade_decision',
+    venue: 'near-intents',
+    source: 'strategy-engine',
+    observed_at: '2026-04-02T10:00:00.000Z',
+    ingested_at: '2026-04-02T10:00:00.001Z',
+    payload,
+  };
+}